What Is Peace Journalism Media Essay

What Is counterinsurgency Journalism Media EssayHow could the media contri only whene to quietude building? Most of the peaceableness settlements even with the Oslo peace Accords in the midsection East, the Dayton Accords which ended the Bosnian War took place as far out-of-door from the media as accomplishable. It is kn give birth to the related poweried of the world slurs that media is usuall(a)y seen as a threat. On that place this study exit measure the importance of ataraxis Journalism as new concept of news media and its acceptance to the auditory modality as wiz of the tools for world peace. Peace is invariably related with fighting as its nature, so this study will recoup the attitude of audience to Peace Journalism.Key-Words Peace Journalism, War Journalism, Conflict resolutions, audiences of media.IntroductionWhen some diary keepers and re searchers like David Loyn, Philips argued against peace journalism then Jack lynch and Annabel McGoldrick argued in fa vour of it. They tried to find the real distinctions, debated oer right or wrong points of peace journalism. Academic preservers and scholars as well as commented on the topic. virtually thought it was full of life, some thought its not critical enough and some thought its better than war journalism as journalism.This study will find the reality and necessity of peace journalism in the contemporary civilised world when the planet earth is facing undecl bed world war with different battle fields and the manipulation of media in the public eye(predicate)ity with propaganda. basisPeace journalism follows a long history of news publication originating in non-sectarian Christian peace movements and societies of the early 19th century, which published periodicals. Sectarian organizations also created publications focused on peace as part of their proselytizing in the 19th century, as did utopian communities of the period. From the 20th century, a prominent example of sectarian journ alism focused on peace wasDorothy DaysCatholic Worker.Besides being an element in the histories ofpacifismand thesocial movementpress, peace journalism is a set ofjournalism trusts that emerged in the 1970s. Norwegian sociologist, peace researcher and practitionerJohan Galtungproposed the idea of peace journalism for journalists to follow to show how a value diagonal towards violence rouse be avoided when covering war and conflict.Christian organisations such as TheWorld Council of Churchesand TheWorld Association for Christian Communicationalso practice peace journalism.Professor Johan Galtung, a professor on Peace Studies and director of the TRANSCEND network, started using the term, Peace Journalism in the 1970s. Conflict and Peace Forums, a think-tank developed Galtungs original ideas in a series of international conferences from 1997-99, and in publications The Peace Journalism Option (1998) What Are Journalists For? (1999), and, Using Conflict Analysis in Reporting (2000).F ormer BBC journalists Jake lynch and Annabel McGoldrick adopted the Phrase Peace Journalism and they became scholars and educator in peace journalism.What is peace journalism?As Lynch and McGoldrick draw in the word peace journalism is misunderstood as advocating peace. They agree that the phrase Peace Journalism would not appeal to all. They also tried to make a definition which was Peace Journalism is when editors and reporters make choices- of what stories to report and about how to report them- that create opportunities for society at large to consider and value non- convulsive responses to conflict. (Lynch and McGoldrick, 2005)Today, journalists often write and report from a third-person perspective and it seems like they besides report the facts. If journalists compete not to distort some(prenominal)(prenominal) report to publish the facts as they are, while maintaining awareness of the describe impact, then it may fall in step with the ideals of peace journalism. But j ournalism is not only reporting. In a feature or article a journalist could express every truth of fact even from a first-person position.Characteristics of Peace JournalismLynch and McGoldrick versioned that journalists would not do incisively for the idea and practice but they should inhabit the differences between Peace and War Journalism and how they could avoid from engaging the war journalism as endlessly its credit is propaganda.Understanding peace is very important. Without k at one timeledge no journalist could engage with the mission. The first condition to seek peace is conflicting situation. In my rationality, if the situation is placid from beginning then no advocacy on peace is deficiencyed. Because thither is already peace on that point. They need development journalism rather peace. So inside a conflicting situation if the question of peace arises then the journalist does their mission with their understanding first.Then as part of peace journalism they need to measure the conflicting stories and the role of disputed parties. For a great knowledge, Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick prescribed 17 tips for better peace journalism. They described what to avoid and what to accept.Whos benefit?Some western journalists advocate through their reporting to justify the aggression by the super powers on any sovereign (?) country and nation, destructions on their assets and killing their citizens for the greater interest of world peace (?).Any destruction and mass killing is treated as collateral damage. For their own survival media often overlook the reality. Reporters must address with embedment (a big joke on neutral journalism) otherwise they could easily end up dead.There is no peace journalism without a conflicting situation or a war or damages against any civilisation. So any conflicting situation is a pre-requisite for peace journalism if any media desires that. And it always depends on the choices by the editor or authority of the media not to the reporter.But peace is made neither by culture alone, nor by politics and economic science alone.It is made by all three, synergistically.The formula for peace is always equality, equity, and mutual respect.We have to learn to celebrate not only the peace elements in our own culture but also in others. (Galtung, 2003).Peace is always for the benefit of the nation and they are the audience. Peace is act of non-violence with creativity which was described by Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick as followers from the life of three greatest personalities of human raceMohammed laid down his cloak in the Kaba at Mecca to forestall violence in a quarrel over who had the right to carry a sacred black stone. It meant everyone could lift a corner of the cloak with the stone placed in the middle.Christ intervened to prevent the stoning of an adulteress by saying, let him who is without sin cast the first stone.The Buddha intervened to prevent a war breaking out over water. She remind ed the parties that the water was worth very little. Whereas the lives of their warriors were beyond price.Peace to be peace, must give something to every one. If it is for one party/person and against another, it cannot be peace. (Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick, 2000) objectiveness and DiscontentsObjectivity and peace journalism totally depends on the authority of media. A freelance could cry on social media for peace and pro-fare objectives but people always use to depend on the main media of the world. But the freelance cannot change anything through his crying.David Loyn criticised peace journalism not only as his believe but also attacked it as meaningless, worst and misleading journalism. He wrote reporting wars in the way of encouraging peacemaker rather than warriors are the most dangerous part of peace journalism as it became as a new orthodoxy.How does objectivity work in practice? Anyone who has ever inter captivateed two observers of the homogeneous incident knows th at there is no perfect account. Each reporter takes a view from somewhere. When a Russian armoured infantry company arrived in Kosovo out of the blue in 1999, after the NATO bombing campaign but before NATO ground troops, and seized the airport in a sneak raid, a British and a Russian journalist would have covered the same event go offly differently. There could be no agreed narrative- but some(prenominal) would use the tool of objectivity to separate the story in their own terms, and in the terms understood by their viewers, listeners or readers.Here this study only could observe the debate between the scholars in favour or against peace journalism. It is also seems quite dangerous to determine the right or wrong of the both sides. Both Lynch and Loyn argued on the system rather than practicality of the circumstances of journalism of this time.Media has become much visible, readable, and audible than ever in human history. Beside the reality its importance also realised by the powers who are doing everything against peace. In every country where there is a government that has their own interest at heart rather than the peoples. Either the supporter of peace or war loves to use media as their propaganda mechanism. So that they invisibly control over the media authority thus they control the reporting. Direct conflict or war reporting is not affirmable without an embed or attachment situation which ultimately paralyses the life of a true journalism. Media authority also dont want to take any risk on the life of a journalist where there is a greater chance to assassinate the reporter even in a favourable fire scenario for his truth. These types of practice are already taking place.It is a fact that to continue with a large establishment no media authority would take any risk to stand against the powers of the world. Only a few but they are also backed by some other powers. There is no neutrality. Peace journalism creates some questions. Why peace and for whom? When does the topic of peace arise? How could we define peace as a peace not as a trick?Critical peace journalismThere are some other types of journalism which are also not branded as peace journalism but their actions ultimately goes to the benefit for peace journalism. Noam Chomsky and Robert Fisk are two of them.This study found both of them as critical peace journalists. But they are not recognised as peace journalist at all. This study will evaluate their recent published articles on the assassination of Osama store crocked which brought their reactions to the audience and it carries the message of world peace in final.Robert Fisk So now for a reality check. The world is not safer for Bin Ladens killing. It is safer because of the winds of freedom blowing through the Middle East. If the West treats the people of this region with justice rather than military firepower, then al-Qaida becomes even more irrelevant than it has been since the Arab revolutions. (Independent, 4/05/2011)Noam Chomsky We might ask ourselves how we would be reacting if Iraqi commandos landed at George W. Bushs compound, assassinated him, and dumped his body in the Atlantic.There is also much media discussion of Washingtons anger that Pakistan didnt turn over bin Laden, though surely elements of the military and security forces were aware of his presence in Abbottabad. Less is said about Pakistani anger that theU.S.invaded their territory to carry out a political assassination. Anti-American fervour is already very high in Pakistan, and these events are likely to exacerbate it. The decision to dump the body at sea is already, predictably, provoking both anger and skepticism in much of the Muslim world. (guernicamag.com, 6/05/2011)The two above cases clearly indicated that both the articles warned the related parties about the situations from the perspective of audiences and its target against the conflict in favour of peace. The author of this study finds those as critical pe ace journalism which was not widely accepted e or circulated as peace journalism rather than criticism.The way the media present conflict and violence will be a major factor in find the reaction war, or peace. One assumption is readiness to identify the legitimate goals of the other. Most parties are carriers of mixed bags of goals, so the task is to provide an umbrella for all legitimate goals. Sufficient prominence of such possible outcomes in the media is a basic necessary, if not sufficient, condition. (Galtung, 2006)War Journalism -VS- Peace JournalismThe common understanding on war journalism is that its violence oriented where the elits or power based forces use media as their propaganda mechanism. All the related parties want to see their possible victory in the war reporting. Also the national media have the same desire as their audience in a conflicting situation.In the same way Peace Journalism is based on conflict but peace oriented and reports should be truth oriented and reports mostly cover both parties in the conflict for a better solution or outcome avoiding a more disasturus situation.In a phrase, Peace Journalism is a broader, fairer and more accurate way of framing stories, drawing on the insights of conflict analysis and transformation. The Peace Journalism approach provides a new road map for study the connections between journalists, their sources, the stories they cover and the consequences of their reporting the ethics of journalistic intervention. It opens up a literacy of non-violence and creativity as applied to the practical job of everyday reporting. (Lynch and McGoldrick, 2001)As Lynch mentioned war journalism isViolence/war OrientedPropaganda-orientedElite- orientedVictory- OrientedAnd peace Journalism itself is thereforePeace/conflict orientedTruth- orientedPeople- orientedSolution orientedProblems for reporting on a conflict situation is that when two nations start fighting each other, both sides automatically become touch in psycological warefare also. In that situation side wants to see their victory. Here is the success of war journalism. To capitalise on that position, super powers allow journalism with attachment just to control the media for propaganda. In a conflicting situation to overcome human disaster there is no alternative but peace reporting for a possible calm situation. But it may not possible all the time.Kathleen OToole of Stanford University news service quoted from James Schear, deputy assistant secretary of defence for peacekeeping and humanitarian affairs that for most of the parties in most of the conflicts, war is a safer bet than peace. James Schear told the campus audience and described it as a brutally demoralize fact. Schear previously worked for the United Nations in Cambodia and Bosnia.War is often safer, he said, because it has a familiar pattern it imposes order, stifles dissent, generates profits in Angola and other places, provides employment, provides a pathway to advance. (OToole, 1997) occasion of social media for peaceSocial media plays a major role in the field of mass communication. That role could recognise as one of the event of journalism also. When journalists fail to publish any report to their respective media they are leaking the topic or report to the public through social media. Any member of the public could have the chance to publish any news in the social media as well. In terms of peace journalism there is a huge opportunity to serve the people targeting a peaceful environment avoiding any conflict or war situation. A Reporter could avail of the advantage of wider packaging of social media to reach the audience and to get a prompt response from the audience.Journalism of Social Media now is a reality. The web has changed everything. Anybody with a blog can be a reporter, with a mobile phone can be a camera man, and even on Facebook, Twitter or a atomic number 19 other platforms can be a news editor or at least acurator. S o its easy to see the power that lies in the future of social media.The future of social media in journalism will see the death of social media. That is, all media as we know it today will become social, and feature a social component to one extent or another. After all, much of the web experience, particularly in the way we play out content, is becomingsocial and personalized. ( Lavrusik 2010)So its possible that traditional media could be merge with social media meaning the content of Peace Journalism would be different from now. Journalists would be more realistic and even free to serve their ideas for audience without any type of super-power pressure which could distort the news content. But still its difficult to know whether the audience would accept more peace journalism than war. Though it differs the mind of audiences is still more or less captured by violence. They love to play violent videogames, watch violent movies, documentaries even bloody sports they like more than anything. They like to see the victory over others, its a psycological matter but on that reason out nobody could be definitive whether audience would accept peace journalism or not.Audience of Peace JournalismWar may be excess for mankind but peace never will be emaciated. If peace journalism is a mission then it could not be a pointless topic. It is very hard to see how it could be a popular one and how to get journalists to view the topic as one of the most important requirements for mankind. theoretically there is no alternative but peace journalism at this stage for the audience, but other researchers, academic and journalists argued on that point that its not possible to find a solution of conflicts worldwide but beyond the conventional duties of journalism.The mass media dont parrot militaristic arguments as bluntly as bloggers, but theres no great taste for peace there, either. I cant name a single major columnist who advocates massive military cuts. Nor a single one who has openly sided with the peace movement. The opinion elites have gradually allowed the concept of immediate withdrawal from Iraq on to the front page, without taking the radical step of turning the U.S. away from being a threatening bully on a global scale. (Chopra, 2005)Who cares?This moment the most circulated news of the planet of earth is the killing of unarmed Osama Bin Laden the famous leader of CIA created terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda. This killing news captures whole media attention. The Noble Lauriat on Peace US President Obamas popularity already increased with his boffo killing mission of an unarmed terrorist (their creation). It is now very tough to define the reporting character whether those are reflecting peace journalism or propaganda journalism. Some people accept the killing as an act towards peace and some are totally reversed.For example journalist Robert Fisk is a successful media personality, who is continuously criticising the aggressions and imperialisti c activities of superpowers. The view of this author is that Robert Fisks articles are the latest version of journalism and the ultimate target is to reduce conflict if the conflict creators realise the message of his articles. This type of article which was criticising the conflict makers might not be acceptable by the super powers or by some others audiences who like to watch thrill and war. Fisks articles always bring some messages which never in favour of War Lords or War super powers.So it is tough to measure the peace journalism without a definite pattern to compare with anything.ConclusionsAt this stage of the planet earth where the Homo sapiens are living for a consecutive period might enter in a dangerous band of time cycle. People are used to watch wars and conflicts through news media and movies. New generations love to see thrill and suspense with fighting. Even people are enjoying the latest video game of the assaasination of Osama Bin Laden. Huge people gather around any show on armaments in different countries of the planet. They love to see the heroes till the disaster falls into their own life. This is reality. But it varies with time and circumstances. Though peace journalism faced controversy from the beginning, its existance now also the reality of journalism. Peace Journalism basically exist on research, academic and theory rather than practical. Audience also like to see war journalism but like the idea of Peace Journalism for all mankind. But for Peace Journalism to become a reality it requires a complete shift in the thinking of the media machine, at the moment there are few voices speaking out in favour of it. Only when that changes can there be any hope for Peace Journalism. For audiences to accept it all of our mainstream media sources must do it.AcknowledgementThis eassy has been read by Mr. Joseph Coffey my classmate and I acknowledged his drawn-out cooperation to correct my mistakes.